Invasive Alien Plants - CARA List
Category 1: Invader plants must be removed & destroyed immediately
Category 2: Invader plants may be grown under controlled conditions only
Category 3: Invader plants may no longer be planted
Kind of plant (Botanical name) |
Common Name |
Category |
| Acacia baileyana | Bailey's wattle | 3 |
| Acacia cyclops | Rooikrans | 2 |
| Acacia dealbata | Silver wattle | Category 1 plant in Western Cape Category 2 plant in the rest of South Africa |
| Acacia decurrens | Green wattle | 2 |
| Acacia elata | Pepper tree wattle | 3 |
| Acacia implexa | Screw - pod wattle | 1 |
| Acacia longifolia | Long - leaved wattle | 1 |
| Acacia mearnsii | Black wattle | 2 |
| Acacia melanoxylon | Australian blackwood | 2 |
| Acacia paradoxa | Kangaroo wattle | 1 |
| Acacia podalyriifolia | Pearl acacia | 3 |
| Acacia pycnantha | Golden wattle | 1 |
| Acacia saligna | Port Jackson willow | 2 |
| Achyranthes aspera | Burweed | 1 |
| Agave sisalana | Sisal hemp, Sisal | 2 |
| Ageratina adenophora | Crofton weed | 1 |
| Ageratina riparia | Mistflower | 1 |
| Ageratum conyzoides | Invading ageratum | 1 |
| Ageratum houstonianum | Mexican ageratum | 1 |
| Ailanthus altissima | Tree-of-heaven | 3 |
| Albizia lebbeck | Lebbeck tree | 1 |
| Albizia procera | False lebbeck | 1 |
| Alhagi maurorum | Camel thorn bush | 1 |
| Anredera cordifolia | Madeira vine, Brida wreath | 1 |
| Araujia sericifera | Moth catcher | 1 |
| Ardisia crenata | Coralberry tree, Coral bush | Category 1 plant only in Northern Province, Kwa Zulu-Natal & Mpumalanga |
| Argemone mexicana | Yellow - flowered Mexican poppy | 1 |
| Argemone ochroleuca | White - flowered Mexican poppy | 1 |
| Arundo donax | Giant reed, Spanish reed | 1 |
| Atriplex lindley | Sponge - fruit satltbush | 3 |
| Atriplex nummularia | Old man saltbush | 2 |
| Azolla filiculoides | Red water fern | 1 |
| Bauhinia purpurea | Butterfly orchid tree | 3 |
| Bauhinia variegata | Orchid tree | 3 |
| Bryophyllum delagoense | Chandelier plant | 1 |
| Caesalpinia decapetala | Mauritius thorn | 1 |
| Campuloclinium macrocephalum | Pom pom weed | 1 |
| Canna indica | Indian shot | 1 |
| Cardiospermum grandiflorum | Balloon vine | 1 |
| Casuarina cunninghamiana | Beefwood | 2 |
| Casuarina equisetifolia | Horsetail tree | 2 |
| Cereus jamacaru | Queen of the Night | 1 |
| Cestrum aurantiacum | Yellow or Orange cestrum | 1 |
| Cestrum elegans | Crimson cestrum | 1 |
| Cestrum laevgatum Schtdl | Inkberry | 1 |
| Cestrum parqui | Chilean cestrum | 1 |
| Chromolaena odorata | Triffid weed, Chromolaena | 1 |
| Cinnamomum camphora | Camphor tree | Category 1 plant only in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal & Mpumalanga |
| Cirsium vulgare | Spear thistle, Scotch thistle | 1 |
| Convolvulus arvensis | Field bindweed, Wild morning glory | 1 |
| Cortaderia jubata | Pampas grass | 1 |
| Cortaderia selloana | Pampas grass | 1 |
| Cotoneaster franchetii | Coloneaster | 3 |
| Cotoneaster pannosus | Silver - leaf cotoneaster | 3 |
| Cuscuta campestris | Common dodder | 1 |
| Cuscuta suaveolens | Lucerne dodder | 1 |
| Cytisus monspessulanus | Montpellier broom | 1 |
| Cytisus scoparius | Scotch broom | 1 |
| Datura ferox | Large thorn apple | 1 |
| Datura innoxia | Downy thorn apple | 1 |
| Datura stramonium | Common thorn apple | 1 |
| Echinopsis spachiana | Torch cactus | 1 |
| Echium plantagineum | Patterson's curse | 1 |
| Echium vulgare | Blue echium | 1 |
| Egeria densa | Dense water weed | 1 |
| Eichhornia crassipes | Water hyacinth | 1 |
| Elodea canadensis | Canadian water weed | 1 |
| Eriobotrya japonica | Loquat | 3 |
| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | Red river gum | 2 |
| Eucalyptus cladocalyx | Sugar gum | 2 |
| Eucalyptus diversicolor | Karri | 2 |
| Eucalyptus grandis | Saligna gum, Rose gum | 2 |
| Eucalyptus lehmannii | Spider gum | Category 1 plant in the Western Cape Category 2 plant in the rest of South Africa |
| Eucalyptus paniculata | Grey ironbark | 2 |
| Eucalyptus sideroxylon | Black ironbark, Red ironbark | 2 |
| Eugenia uniflora | Pitanga, Surinam cherry | Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa |
| Gleditsia triacanthos | Honey locust, Sweet locust | 2 |
| Grevillea robusta | Australian silky oak | 3 |
| Hakea drupacea | Sweet hakea | 1 |
| Hakea gibbosa | Rock hakea | 1 |
| Hakea sericea | Silky hakea | 1 |
| Harrisia martinii | Moon cactus, Harrisia cactus | 1 |
| Hedychium coccineum | Red ginger lily | 1 |
| Hedychium coronarium | White ginger lily | 1 |
| Hedychium flavescens | Yellow ginger lily | 1 |
| Hedychium gardnerianum | Kahili ginger lily | 1 |
| Hypericum perforatum | St.Johns' wort, Tipton weed | 2 |
| Ipomoea alba | Moonflower | Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal & Mpumalanga Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa |
| Ipomoea indica | Morning glory | Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal & Mpumalanga Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa |
| Ipomoea purpurea | Morning glory | 3 |
| Jacaranda mimosifolia | Jacaranda | 3 |
| All seed producing species or seed producing hybrids of Lantana that are non-indigenous to Africa | Lantana/Lantana, Tickberry, Cherry Pie | 1 |
| Lepidium | Pepper - cres, Hoary cardaria, White top | 1 |
| Leptospermum laevigatum | Australian myrtle | 1 |
| Leucaena leucocephala | Leucaena | Category 1 plant in the Western Cape Category 2 plant in South Africa, excluding Western Cape |
| Ligustrum japonicum | Japanese wax - leaved privet | 3 |
| Ligustrum lucidum | Chinese wax - leaved privet | 3 |
| Ligustrum ovalifolium | Californian privet | 3 |
| Ligustrum sinense | Chinese privet | 3 |
| Ligustrum vulgare | Common privet | 3 |
| Lilium formosanum | St Joseph's lily, Trumpet lily, Formosa lily | 3 |
| Litsea glutinosa | Indian laurel | 1 |
| Lyrthrum salicaria | Purple loosestrife | 1 |
| Macfadyena unguis-cati | Cat's claw creeper | 1 |
| Melia azedarach | "Syringa", Persian lilac | 3 |
| Metrosideros excelsa | New Zealand christmas tree | 3 |
| Mimosa pigra | Giant sensitive plant | 3 |
| Montanoa hibiscifolia | Tree daisy | 1 |
| Morus alba | White mulberry, Common mulberry | 3 |
| Myoporum tenuifolium | Manatoka | 3 |
| Myriophylum aquaticum | Parrot's feather | 1 |
| Myriophyllum spicatum | Spiked water - milfoil | 1 |
| Nassella tenuissima | White tussock | 1 |
| Nassella trichotoma | Nassella tussock | 1 |
| Nephrolepis exaltata | Sword fern | 3 |
| Nerium oleander | Oleander | 1 |
| Nicotiana glauca | Wild tobacco | 1 |
| Opuntia aurantiaca | Jointed cactus | 1 |
| Opuntia exaltata | Long spine cactus | 1 |
| Opuntia | Mission prickly pear, Sweet prickly pear | 1 |
| Opuntia humifusa | Large flowered prickly pear, Creeping prickly pear |
1 |
| Opuntia imbricata | Imbricate cactus, Imbricate prickly pear |
1 |
| Opuntia lindheimeri | Small round - leaved prickly pear | 1 |
| Opuntia monacantha | Cochineal prickly pear, Drooping prickly pear |
1 |
| Opuntia rosea | Rosea cactus | 1 |
| Opuntia spinulifera | Saucepan cactus, Large roundleaved prickly pear |
1 |
| Opuntia stricta | Pest pear of Australia | 1 |
| Orobanche minor | Lesser broomrape, Clover broomrape |
1 |
| Paraserianthes lophantha | Austalian Albizia, Stink bean | 1 |
| Parthenium hysterophorus | Parthenium | 1 |
| Passiflora caerulea | Blue passion flower | 1 |
| Passiflora molissima | Banana poka, Bandadilla | 1 |
| Passiflora suberosa | Devil's pumpkin, Indigo berry | 1 |
| Passiflora subpeltata | Grandina | 1 |
| Pennisetum setaceum | Fountain grass | 1 |
| Pennisetum villosum | Feathertop | 1 |
| Pereskia aculeata | Pereskia/Barbados gooseberry | 1 |
| Phytolacca dioica | Belhambra | 3 |
| Pinus canariensis | Canary den | 2 |
| Pinus elliotti | Slash pine | 2 |
| Pinus halepensis | Aleppo pine | 2 |
| Pinus patula | Patula pine | 2 |
| Pinus pinaster | Cluster pine | 2 |
| Pinus radiata | Radiata pine, Monterey pine | 2 |
| Pinus roxburghii | Chir pine, longifolia pine |
2 |
| Pinus taeda | Loblolly pine | 2 |
| Pistia stratiotes | Water lettuce | 1 |
| Pittosporum undulatum | Australian cheesewood, Sweet pittospormum |
1 |
| Plectranthus comosus | Abyssinian' coleus, Wooly plectranthus |
3 |
| Pontederia cordata | Pickerel weed | 3 |
| Populus alba | White popular | 2 |
| Populus x canescens | Grey popular, Matchwood popular |
2 |
| Prosopis glandulosa | Honey mesquite | 2 |
| Proposis velutina | Velvet mesquite | 2 |
| Psidium cattleianum | Strawberry guava | 3 |
| Psidium guajava | Guava | 2 |
| Psidium guineense | Brazilian guava | 3 |
| Psidium x durbanensis | Durban guava | 1 |
| Pueraria lobata | Kudu vine | 1 |
| Pyrancantha angustifolia | Yellow firethorn | 3 |
| Pyrancantha crenulata | Himalayan firethorn | 3 |
| Rhus succedanea | Wax tree | 1 |
| Ricinus communis | Castor - oil plant | 2 |
| Rivina humilis | Rivina, Bloodberry | 1 |
| Robinia pseudoacacia | Black locust | 2 |
| Rorippa nasturtium - aquaticum | Watercress | 2 |
| Rosa rubiginosa | Eglantine, Sweetbriar |
1 |
| Rubus cuneifolius | American bramble | 1 |
| Rubus fruticosus | European blackberry | 2 |
| Salix babylonica | Weeping willow | 2 |
| Salix fragilis | Crack or brittle willow | 2 |
| Salvinia molesta | Kariba weed | 1 |
| Schinus terebinthifolius | Brazilian pepper tree | Category 1 in KwaZulu-Natal Category 3 in the rest of South Africa |
| Senna bicapsularis | Rambling cassia | 3 |
| Senna didymobotrya | Peanut butter cassia | 3 |
| Senna pendule | 3 | |
| Sesbania punicea | Red sesbania | 1 |
| Solanum elaeagnifolium | Silver-leaf bitter apple | 1 |
| Solanum mauritianum | Bugweed | 1 |
| Solanum seaforthianum | Potato creeper | 1 |
| Solanum sisymbriifolium | Wild tomato,Dense - thorned bitter apple |
2 |
| Sorghum halepense | Johnson grass, Aleppo grass | 2 |
| Spartium junceum | Spanish broom | 1 |
| Syzygium cumini | Jambolan | 3 |
| Syzygium jambos | Rose apple | 3 |
| Tamarix chinensis | Chinese tamarisk | Category 1 plant in the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa |
| Tamarix ramosissima | Pink tamarisk | Category 1 plant in the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa |
| Tecoma stans | Yellow bells | 1 |
| Thelechitonia trilobata | Singapore daisy | Category 1 in KwaZulu-Natal Category 3 in the rest of South Africa |
| Thevetia | Yellow oleander | 1 |
| Tipuana tipu | Tipu tree | 3 |
| Tithonia diversifolia | Mexican sunflower | 1 |
| Tithonia rotundifolia | Red sunflower | 1 |
| Toona ciliata | Toon tree | 3 |
| Triplaris americana | Indian almond | 1 |
| Ulex europaeus | European gorse | 1 |
| Xanthium spinosum | Spiny cocklebur | 1 |
| Xanthium strumarium | Large cocklebur | 1 |
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Invasive Alien Plants - NEMBA List
On 3rd April 2009, Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Mr Marthinus van Schalkwyk, published (Gazette No. 32090) the following documents (see www.deat.gov.za) for 30 days of public comment:
- The 2nd draft of the Alien and Invasive Species Regulations of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No.10 of 2004);
- Draft lists of categories of species exempted (section 66), prohibited alien species (section 67) and invasive species (section 70).
Should the regulations become law, any species designated under section 70 can not be propagated, grown, bought or sold by the industry without a permit. Below is a brief explanation of the three categories
and the proposed list of invasive plants species (section 70 only).
Category 1a: Invasive species requiring compulsory control. Remove and destroy. Any specimens of Category 1a listed species need, by law, to be eradicated from the environment. No permits will be issued.
Category 1b: Invasive species requiring compulsory control as part of an invasive species control programme. Remove and destroy. These plants are deemed to have such a high invasive potential that infestations can qualify to be placed under a government sponsored invasive species management programme. No permits will be issued.
Category 2: Invasive species regulated by area. A demarcation permit is required to import, possess, grow, breed, move, sell, buy or accept as a gift any plants listed as Category 2 plants. No permits will be issued for Cat 2 plants to exist in riparian zones.
Category 3: Invasive species regulated by activity. An individual plant permit is required to undertake any of the following restricted activities (import, possess, grow, breed, move, sell, buy or accept as a gift) involving a Category 3 species. No permits will be issued for Cat 3 plants to exist in riparian zones.
Download the list here
(Size: 1.4 MB)
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