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Alien Invasive Plants

Invasive Alien Plants - NEMBA List

South African Government Department of Environmental Affairs and TourismOn 3rd April 2009, Minister of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Mr Marthinus van Schalkwyk, published (Gazette No. 32090) the following documents (see www.deat.gov.za) for 30 days of public comment:

  • The 2nd draft of the Alien and Invasive Species Regulations of the National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 (Act No.10 of 2004);
  • Draft lists of categories of species exempted (section 66), prohibited alien species (section 67) and invasive species (section 70).

Should the regulations become law, any species designated under section 70 can not be propagated, grown, bought or sold by the industry without a permit. Below is a brief explanation of the three categories
and the proposed list of invasive plants species (section 70 only).

Category 1a: Invasive species requiring compulsory control. Remove and destroy. Any specimens of Category 1a listed species need, by law, to be eradicated from the environment. No permits will be issued.
Category 1b: Invasive species requiring compulsory control as part of an invasive species control programme. Remove and destroy. These plants are deemed to have such a high invasive potential that infestations can qualify to be placed under a government sponsored invasive species management programme. No permits will be issued.

Category 2: Invasive species regulated by area. A demarcation permit is required to import, possess, grow, breed, move, sell, buy or accept as a gift any plants listed as Category 2 plants. No permits will be issued for Cat 2 plants to exist in riparian zones.

Category 3: Invasive species regulated by activity. An individual plant permit is required to undertake any of the following restricted activities (import, possess, grow, breed, move, sell, buy or accept as a gift) involving a Category 3 species. No permits will be issued for Cat 3 plants to exist in riparian zones.

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Invasive Alien Plants - CARA List

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Category 1: Invader plants must be removed & destroyed immediately
Category 2: Invader plants may be grown under controlled conditions only
Category 3: Invader plants may no longer be planted

Kind of plant (Botanical name)

Common Name

Category
Acacia baileyana Bailey's wattle 3
Acacia cyclops Rooikrans 2
Acacia dealbata Silver wattle Category 1 plant in Western Cape
Category 2 plant in the rest of South Africa
Acacia decurrens Green wattle 2
Acacia elata Pepper tree wattle 3
Acacia implexa Screw - pod wattle 1
Acacia longifolia Long - leaved wattle 1
Acacia mearnsii Black wattle 2
Acacia melanoxylon Australian blackwood 2
Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo wattle 1
Acacia podalyriifolia Pearl acacia 3
Acacia pycnantha Golden wattle 1
Acacia saligna Port Jackson willow 2
Achyranthes aspera Burweed 1
Agave sisalana Sisal hemp, Sisal 2
Ageratina adenophora Crofton weed 1
Ageratina riparia Mistflower 1
Ageratum conyzoides Invading ageratum 1
Ageratum houstonianum Mexican ageratum 1
Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven 3
Albizia lebbeck Lebbeck tree 1
Albizia procera False lebbeck 1
Alhagi maurorum Camel thorn bush 1
Anredera cordifolia Madeira vine, Brida wreath 1
Araujia sericifera Moth catcher 1
Ardisia crenata Coralberry tree, Coral bush Category 1 plant only in Northern Province, Kwa Zulu-Natal & Mpumalanga
Argemone mexicana Yellow - flowered Mexican poppy 1
Argemone ochroleuca White - flowered Mexican poppy 1
Arundo donax Giant reed, Spanish reed 1
Atriplex lindley Sponge - fruit satltbush 3
Atriplex nummularia Old man saltbush 2
Azolla filiculoides Red water fern 1
Bauhinia purpurea Butterfly orchid tree 3
Bauhinia variegata Orchid tree 3
Bryophyllum delagoense Chandelier plant 1
Caesalpinia decapetala Mauritius thorn 1
Campuloclinium macrocephalum Pom pom weed 1
Canna indica Indian shot 1
Cardiospermum grandiflorum Balloon vine 1
Casuarina cunninghamiana Beefwood 2
Casuarina equisetifolia Horsetail tree 2
Cereus jamacaru Queen of the Night 1
Cestrum aurantiacum Yellow or Orange cestrum 1
Cestrum elegans Crimson cestrum 1
Cestrum laevgatum Schtdl Inkberry 1
Cestrum parqui Chilean cestrum 1
Chromolaena odorata Triffid weed, Chromolaena 1
Cinnamomum camphora Camphor tree Category 1 plant only in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal & Mpumalanga
Cirsium vulgare Spear thistle, Scotch thistle 1
Convolvulus arvensis Field bindweed, Wild morning glory 1
Cortaderia jubata Pampas grass 1
Cortaderia selloana Pampas grass 1
Cotoneaster franchetii Coloneaster 3
Cotoneaster pannosus Silver - leaf cotoneaster 3
Cuscuta campestris Common dodder 1
Cuscuta suaveolens Lucerne dodder 1
Cytisus monspessulanus Montpellier broom 1
Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom 1
Datura ferox Large thorn apple 1
Datura innoxia Downy thorn apple 1
Datura stramonium Common thorn apple 1
Echinopsis spachiana Torch cactus 1
Echium plantagineum Patterson's curse 1
Echium vulgare Blue echium 1
Egeria densa Dense water weed 1
Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth 1
Elodea canadensis Canadian water weed 1
Eriobotrya japonica Loquat 3
Eucalyptus camaldulensis Red river gum 2
Eucalyptus cladocalyx Sugar gum 2
Eucalyptus diversicolor Karri 2
Eucalyptus grandis Saligna gum, Rose gum 2
Eucalyptus lehmannii Spider gum Category 1 plant in the Western Cape
Category 2 plant in the rest of South Africa
Eucalyptus paniculata Grey ironbark 2
Eucalyptus sideroxylon Black ironbark, Red ironbark 2
Eugenia uniflora Pitanga, Surinam cherry Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga
Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa
Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust, Sweet locust 2
Grevillea robusta Australian silky oak 3
Hakea drupacea Sweet hakea 1
Hakea gibbosa Rock hakea 1
Hakea sericea Silky hakea 1
Harrisia martinii Moon cactus, Harrisia cactus 1
Hedychium coccineum Red ginger lily 1
Hedychium coronarium White ginger lily 1
Hedychium flavescens Yellow ginger lily 1
Hedychium gardnerianum Kahili ginger lily 1
Hypericum perforatum St.Johns' wort, Tipton weed 2
Ipomoea alba Moonflower Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal & Mpumalanga
Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa
Ipomoea indica Morning glory Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal & Mpumalanga
Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa
Ipomoea purpurea Morning glory 3
Jacaranda mimosifolia Jacaranda 3
All seed producing species or seed producing hybrids of Lantana that are non-indigenous to Africa Lantana/Lantana, Tickberry, Cherry Pie 1
Lepidium Pepper - cres, Hoary cardaria, White top 1
Leptospermum laevigatum Australian myrtle 1
Leucaena leucocephala Leucaena Category 1 plant in the Western Cape
Category 2 plant in South Africa, excluding Western Cape
Ligustrum japonicum Japanese wax - leaved privet 3
Ligustrum lucidum Chinese wax - leaved privet 3
Ligustrum ovalifolium Californian privet 3
Ligustrum sinense Chinese privet 3
Ligustrum vulgare Common privet 3
Lilium formosanum St Joseph's lily, Trumpet lily, Formosa lily 3
Litsea glutinosa Indian laurel 1
Lyrthrum salicaria Purple loosestrife 1
Macfadyena unguis-cati Cat's claw creeper 1
Melia azedarach "Syringa", Persian lilac 3
Metrosideros excelsa New Zealand christmas tree 3
Mimosa pigra Giant sensitive plant 3
Montanoa hibiscifolia Tree daisy 1
Morus alba White mulberry, Common mulberry 3
Myoporum tenuifolium Manatoka 3
Myriophylum aquaticum Parrot's feather 1
Myriophyllum spicatum Spiked water - milfoil 1
Nassella tenuissima White tussock 1
Nassella trichotoma Nassella tussock 1
Nephrolepis exaltata Sword fern 3
Nerium oleander Oleander 1
Nicotiana glauca Wild tobacco 1
Opuntia aurantiaca Jointed cactus 1
Opuntia exaltata Long spine cactus 1
Opuntia Mission prickly pear, Sweet prickly pear 1
Opuntia humifusa Large flowered prickly pear,
Creeping prickly pear		 1
Opuntia imbricata Imbricate cactus,
Imbricate prickly pear		 1
Opuntia lindheimeri Small round - leaved prickly pear 1
Opuntia monacantha Cochineal prickly pear,
Drooping prickly pear		 1
Opuntia rosea Rosea cactus 1
Opuntia spinulifera Saucepan cactus,
Large roundleaved prickly pear		 1
Opuntia stricta Pest pear of Australia 1
Orobanche minor Lesser broomrape,
Clover broomrape		 1
Paraserianthes lophantha Austalian Albizia, Stink bean 1
Parthenium hysterophorus Parthenium 1
Passiflora caerulea Blue passion flower 1
Passiflora molissima Banana poka, Bandadilla 1
Passiflora suberosa Devil's pumpkin, Indigo berry 1
Passiflora subpeltata Grandina 1
Pennisetum setaceum Fountain grass 1
Pennisetum villosum Feathertop 1
Pereskia aculeata Pereskia/Barbados gooseberry 1
Phytolacca dioica Belhambra 3
Pinus canariensis Canary den 2
Pinus elliotti Slash pine 2
Pinus halepensis Aleppo pine 2
Pinus patula Patula pine 2
Pinus pinaster Cluster pine 2
Pinus radiata Radiata pine, Monterey pine 2
Pinus roxburghii Chir pine,
longifolia pine		 2
Pinus taeda Loblolly pine 2
Pistia stratiotes Water lettuce 1
Pittosporum undulatum Australian cheesewood,
Sweet pittospormum		 1
Plectranthus comosus Abyssinian' coleus,
Wooly plectranthus		 3
Pontederia cordata Pickerel weed 3
Populus alba White popular 2
Populus x canescens Grey popular,
Matchwood popular		 2
Prosopis glandulosa Honey mesquite 2
Proposis velutina Velvet mesquite 2
Psidium cattleianum Strawberry guava 3
Psidium guajava Guava 2
Psidium guineense Brazilian guava 3
Psidium x durbanensis Durban guava 1
Pueraria lobata Kudu vine 1
Pyrancantha angustifolia Yellow firethorn 3
Pyrancantha crenulata Himalayan firethorn 3
Rhus succedanea Wax tree 1
Ricinus communis Castor - oil plant 2
Rivina humilis Rivina, Bloodberry 1
Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust 2
Rorippa nasturtium - aquaticum Watercress 2
Rosa rubiginosa Eglantine,
Sweetbriar		 1
Rubus cuneifolius American bramble 1
Rubus fruticosus European blackberry 2
Salix babylonica Weeping willow 2
Salix fragilis Crack or brittle willow 2
Salvinia molesta Kariba weed 1
Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper tree Category 1 in KwaZulu-Natal
Category 3 in the rest of South Africa
Senna bicapsularis Rambling cassia 3
Senna didymobotrya Peanut butter cassia 3
Senna pendule 3
Sesbania punicea Red sesbania 1
Solanum elaeagnifolium Silver-leaf bitter apple 1
Solanum mauritianum Bugweed 1
Solanum seaforthianum Potato creeper 1
Solanum sisymbriifolium Wild tomato,Dense -
thorned bitter apple		 2
Sorghum halepense Johnson grass, Aleppo grass 2
Spartium junceum Spanish broom 1
Syzygium cumini Jambolan 3
Syzygium jambos Rose apple 3
Tamarix chinensis Chinese tamarisk Category 1 plant in the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape
Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa
Tamarix ramosissima Pink tamarisk Category 1 plant in the Northern, Western and Eastern Cape
Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa
Tecoma stans Yellow bells 1
Thelechitonia trilobata Singapore daisy Category 1 in KwaZulu-Natal
Category 3 in the rest of South Africa
Thevetia Yellow oleander 1
Tipuana tipu Tipu tree 3
Tithonia diversifolia Mexican sunflower 1
Tithonia rotundifolia Red sunflower 1
Toona ciliata Toon tree 3
Triplaris americana Indian almond 1
Ulex europaeus European gorse 1
Xanthium spinosum Spiny cocklebur 1
Xanthium strumarium Large cocklebur 1